![]() In response to efforts to detect and decapitate IRC botnets, bot herders have begun deploying malware on peer-to-peer networks. Peer-to-peer A peer-to-peer (P2P) network in which interconnected nodes ("peers") share resources among each other without the use of a centralized administrative system Clients send messages back to the IRC channel with the results of their actions. Each client retrieves the commands and executes them. ![]() The bot herder sends commands to the channel via the IRC server. In the case of IRC botnets, infected clients connect to an infected IRC server and join a channel pre-designated for C&C by the bot herder. Clients execute the commands and report their results back to the bot herder. The bot herder sends commands to the server, which relays them to the clients. Infected clients access a predetermined location and await incoming commands from the server. Typically, these botnets operate through Internet Relay Chat networks, domains, or websites. The first botnets on the Internet used a client–server model to accomplish their tasks. These P2P bot programs perform the same actions as the client–server model, but they do not require a central server to communicate.Ĭlient–server model A network based on the client–server model, where individual clients request services and resources from centralized servers Many recent botnets now rely on existing peer-to-peer networks to communicate. This allows the bot herder (the controller of the botnet) to perform all control from a remote location, which obfuscates the traffic. Traditionally, bot programs are constructed as clients which communicate via existing servers. īotnets are increasingly rented out by cyber criminals as commodities for a variety of purposes, including as booter/stresser services.īotnet architecture has evolved over time in an effort to evade detection and disruption. The controller of a botnet is able to direct the activities of these compromised computers through communication channels formed by standards-based network protocols, such as IRC and Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Each compromised device, known as a "bot," is created when a device is penetrated by software from a malware (malicious software) distribution. The term is usually used with a negative or malicious connotation.Ī botnet is a logical collection of Internet-connected devices, such as computers, smartphones or Internet of things (IoT) devices whose security have been breached and control ceded to a third party. The word "botnet" is a portmanteau of the words " robot" and " network". The owner can control the botnet using command and control (C&C) software. Botnets can be used to perform Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks, steal data, send spam, and allow the attacker to access the device and its connection. (Note this is also an example of a type of client–server model of a botnet.)Ī botnet is a group of Internet-connected devices, each of which runs one or more bots. Stacheldraht botnet diagram showing a DDoS attack. ![]() Collection of compromised internet-connected devices controlled by a third party
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